Internet Evolution: From War to Web - Wicked Inventions - S01 EP15 - History Documentary
the race to win walls and explore the stars have created some of the most fantastic products ever designed and we use them every day unaware of their amazing Origins on Wicked inventions submarines luxury underwater tourism with no killer past the internet the Forgotten military origins of cyberspace fog machines indispensable on the dance floor and Battlefield we reveal the amazing science and manufacture Behind These Wicked inventions [Music] [Music] since man waged War upon the ocean here's wanted to hide below the waves to strike at his opponents but it was not until the 19th century that a submarine in the sense we know today became really practical the problems that had to be solved were major as a submarine goes deeper the water pressure on the hull increases to prevent the hole being crushed it has to be made stronger so thicker material is used this now makes it want to sink to counteract this the submarine has to make itself built so it expelled water from the hull and replaces it with air simply put when you want to go up you blow air into the tanks and when you want to go down you let water in as early as the 16th century this idea had been tried William Bourne invented the idea of leather bags that could be compressed rather like driving air from a set of bellows his design was adapted by a Dutchman by the name of Cornelius Jacobson drevel whose submarine was successfully tested in the River Thames in 1620 a variety of man-powered machines were tried throughout the 18th and early 19th century the Confederate submarine Hundley even managed to destroy a union ship in the Civil War only which was this iron cased small vessel with the crew turning the crank and the extended pole with the explosives on the end that exploded its device against the USS Housatonic sink in it but of course the only went down with the loss of its crew too but if you look at the racer that's a tiny craft small amount of men for a large vessel in 1864 Spanish designer narcissus Montreal created the first air independent system which used peroxide as fuel and actually made oxygen as a byproduct of combustion his design made Regular dyes of over two hours in duration at a depth of 30 meters or more as the 90th Century ended the dawn of the 20th century held it a new era of Naval Warfare the Germans with their U-boats the underwater boat they really embraced it and of course with the introduction of the torpedo you could sink a ship without actually coming to the surface developments in batteries meant electricity could be used when submerged and Diesel power when on the surface weapons were now fitted as standard with propeller driven Torpedoes effectively a small unmanned bomb that was shot through the water and the submarine's target military submarines today are self-contained nuclear driven machines and carry enough nuclear missiles to devastate entire cities they Glide slightly in the depths a mere mile below the surface these titanium steel leviathans can remain submerged indefinitely surfacing only for food or resupply of course not all submarines are for war Trident submarines are based in Florida USA and offer personal luxury Subs that can dive up to 36 000 feet a typical Triton submarine can be broken down into four main sections the viewing sphere which houses the passengers the propulsion unit that drives a sub the buoyancy tanks which allow the sub to dive and float and the electrical components which control the complex Mechanicals of the entire submarine the history of trade submarines is fairly contemporary the company was formed in 2008 by my partner Bruce Jones and myself so we've been in operation now for seven years and coincidentally the submarine that you see behind us is our seventh submarine companies started in 2008 with just three people and today we employ 22 people here in our Vero Beach manufacturing facility [Music] one of the challenges to making a submersible durable are really the same as the key design features of our craft namely we had to make our submersibles simple to operate easy to maintain safe and reliable all the onboard electronics for the submarine are built by hand here all the cables for the network module are connected the network module is the hub for all the Telemetry in the submarine transferring the signals from the onboard computers and tablet devices including the position and health status of the sub then the external electronic junction box is put together this is a hugely important component as it configures the commands from the pilot to the submarine from the lights to the engine thrusters it is often referred to as the brain and this complicated set of components can take up to six weeks to fully Assemble the electronics for the submarine not only have to be accessible and manageable but the specialized design reflects how they are all completely self-serviceable describe our products is that we focus on visibility on viewing you know man submersible is a visual tool so we've worked very hard to ensure that we've optimized viewing inside of our submersibles if you take a look at the craft that sits behind me the first thing that you'll probably notice is it has this gigantic acrylic sphere and that happens to be the largest acrylic sphere ever built for a man's sub it's 2.1 meters in diameter and 167 millimeters thick that's seven feet in diameter and about six and a half inches in thickness three tons of acrylic plastic are used to produce that sphere to control the buoyancy of the submarine the ballast tanks are added these two large tanks are lifted and gently taken to the submarine where they are fitted carefully to the frame and fastened into place [Music] we start out with this tremendous visibility from a transparent acrylic sphere and then we shape the ballast tanks downward and forward so that they have the minimum effect on your outward View and as well we consolidate the machinery and equipment around the pilot in such a way that it doesn't deter or doesn't have any detrimental effect on the outward View the submarine has about 14 hours of operational endurance and it has 96 hours that's four solid days of self-contained emergency life support the submarine features among other things multiple redundant ballast systems a multiple redundant communication systems and many other features that that ensure the safety of The Craft the Triton submarine is a stunning piece of underwater technology enjoyed by tourists and scientists in oceans of the world over use for peaceful underwater tourism today but developed from the daring attempts to destroy enemy ships over 150 years ago the submarine is truly a wicked invention it's the beginning of time mankind has pursued the need for communication a link between people and between civilizations over thousands of years we have developed the means to communicate with each other but one invention has redefined the entire world it has changed the way we communicate brought the world closer together and empowered revolutions it has even created worlds and communities of its own considered by many to be the most important invention of the 20th century this is the internet the internet as we know it today is nothing more but a collection of computers and other devices that are connected to one another that communicate with one another and often connections of networks to other networks back in the 1950s and 60s as the US and Russia in the midst of the Cold War American scientists and Technology experts needed to find a way to protect their military computer and control systems in case of a nuclear attack people start thinking about how you can you create kind of systems and networks of systems that are less vulnerable to being completely disrupted by for example an atom bomb taking out some of the key command and control centers if you want to create this kind of redundant Network whereby you have lots of different links between lots of notes and you spread around all the Computing and all the information across this network so that if part of it gets taken out the rest of it continues to work and pretty information can still find its way across the network one of the key ideas behind the success of this multi-node computer network was the development of packet switching the traditional way of networking computers was through circuit switching where a direct connection would be maintained between the device sending the message or information and the device that would receive the data the problem with circuit switching is that it is inefficient and limits any single connection to a one sold user record switching is just one way of getting information from a sender to a destination with packet data any information you want to share between two devices get chopped up in little packets of data smaller chunks of information so your entire message that's built up out of different packets can make its way across different routes over the internet and be reassembled at receiving end in the right order one of the great benefits of packet data apart from some of these properties around being able to chop update and then have it make its own way across the internet is that uh actually use the capacity of your connections a lot better if you have private connections between two different devices obviously while those devices are talking to one another nobody else can use that particular connection with packet data you continuously are sharing connections and capabilities on the network so you can actually have a network that is capable of transmitting a lot more data all of the time this development was the beginning of the modern day internet after years of research between several universities around the globe access to the arpanet was expanded in 1981. in 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite or TCP IP was standardized and the concept of a worldwide network was introduced TCP the transmission control protocol is really a way of making packet data work you need to have a kind of a layer on top of that basic packet data fundamental layer which is all about making sense of these packets and making sure for example you know how many package let's make up your message and in what order these packets needs needs to be arranged in order to be useful for you which is really absolutely fundamental to the way the internet works today so an awful lot of the applications that use the internet use TCP as the fundamental building block of how they communicate with one another in 1989 Tim burmesley a British computer scientist and former CERN employee wrote a proposal for what would eventually become the World Wide Web the World Wide Web is an example of one of the information and Computing Services that uses the internet to be delivered to us and accessible to us in this case for the purpose of providing us with websites and pages of information that you can click through from one page to another that those kind of Concepts that make up the World Wide Web as we know it but in 1995 the World Wide Web was fully up and running and the World As We Knew It had changed forever today the internet is everywhere it's in our homes in our pockets and on our wrists it has become an integral part of our Lives we use it to shop Bank socialize as well as it being a platform for entertainment in its own right it is probably true to say that the boundaries between these different applications like for example the web and email and instant messaging and all those other kind of applications within of the internet are starting to blur a little bit because of course people can now use web pages or web service to send an email to get a kind of combination of these different internet Technologies to provide people with with an experience and a service that sometimes make it hard to see where the difference lies between the internet and then the services that are delivered on top of that and and those different services and how they work together born out of a need to survive a nuclear war there is no doubt that the internet is one of Mankind's most important and wicked inventions [Music] we've now seen how powerful the internet actually is but what is actually going on under the Bonnet when you are surfing the World Wide Web looking for Vital Information it's just after lunch and our Intrepid tester represents a board office worker instead of working he wants to find an amusing cat image to get him through the long repetitive working day to begin he needs to give his Search terms to the web browser web browser then routes his information into a request for the search engine in this case cleverly symbolized by an envelope oh hello here comes your computer's operating system who takes your request and then breaks it down into lots of packets of information and then sends it across the internet to where it makes its way to Mr search engine who reassembles the data into your request Mr search engine must now make a response to your query but where to be in first he breaks down your request into logical pieces and then uses a vast array of databases and complex algorithms to make an educated guess at the best matches to your response this search engine filters these responses and breaks this data back down into packets and sends them back to you through the internet oh is your computer's operating system again now he reassembles all the packets of information provided by the search engine for the browser the web browser takes this assembled data and presents them to our board worker our board worker now has a selection of funny cat photos that make him happy and he can now spend the rest of the afternoon sending them off to his colleagues instead of doing any work and this complex process has typically only taken half a second to complete the internet a complex amazing piece of Scientific Technology now used for finding and using images now that is our Wicked invention [Music] a basic concept of war is to out think the enemy to try and stay one step ahead and technology has evolved to help the military achieve these basic War leads one invention is used to keep military Maneuvers a secret and yet it is also commonly used in our theater and film Productions a basic device that changes the course of Wars but also adds atmosphere to the stage this is the fog machine this simple device that we all know creates a dense Vapor that appears to be fog or smoke it is mainly used for entertainment such as theater film Productions and live music events but it was originally a military development that has evolved to take on various forms and uses so on the battlefield for advancing through it's quite difficult but when you wanted to conceal your position moving back retreating or simply redeploying it's absolutely perfect because if you've got a problem you're under Fire you can carry smoke canisters where you simply pull the pin away it goes and it will cover your withdrawal or when you move position smooth machines during battle have been around since the first world war either on land or at Sea a 50 gallon drum of smoke oil could create a 60 mile swoop screen perfect for protecting ships or advancing Ground Forces smoke grenades can also be used indoors as a distraction cover or as part of a rescue mission by Special Forces this the other side of using smoke or smoke flares in the military is to mark an area for supplies to be landed for troops to be landed and also for evacuation if you've got wounded men there are lots of uses for for smoke within the military which have also spilled over into the civilian air sea rescue people if they go down into the sea the smoke flare that they release actually also releases a Dye into the sea so that they can be seen from quite a distance Martin manufacturing have been producing some of the world's best smoke machines since 1996 helping create some of the best sets stages and music venues all around the world we started as a small company in 1984 called gem smoke machine company which was started by one man in his backyard essentially before we became part of the Martin professional family in 1996.
and became Master manufacturing UK which is where we are now so how does a fog machine work it is essentially a simple process a specially formulated fluid is pumped into a heat exchanger and the high temperature vaporizes the fluid which expands and is forced out of the front nozzle when the vaporized fluid mixes with the cool air and forms a smoke or fog there's a number of processes for each machine from start to finish you're probably looking roughly about two hours but that encompasses about 10 different processes including the final assembler product which takes about 45 minutes so one person could produce about nine products per day I think since we launched a product about six years ago we've produced roughly 4 000 units the first stage of production takes place at the on-site furnace with the manufacture of the heat exchanger copper wire is coil to the desired length using a mandrel machine the coil is then heated to Red Hot temperatures with a gas torch and a special heating element is inserted it's placed in a mold and heated further with the torch [Music] in the furnace a raw piece of aluminum known as the Ingot is heated to temperatures between 550 and 650 degrees Celsius once it is molten it is ladled into the mold covering the coil and element once it is hardened enough it is removed from the mold and left to cooled further typically for 24 hours the new heat exchanger block is then finished to remove any rough edges or other artifacts [Music] the block is thermocoupled by hand to test the temperature capacity and the holes are drilled so it's ready for the later assembly stage [Music] at the heat exchange Department the block is placed into its metal case work it is surrounded by pre-cut heat insulation such as rock wall or superwall a thermal trick is attached to the block and thermal wires are connected a final piece of insulation is added and the lid fitted to the case the elements are then bent into shape and a p-clip added for earthing we also produce remotes which is an essential part of the product which operates the machine in the past certainly they used things like burning pitch for instance and smoke from fires but it was it wasn't controllable and the main thing is being able to control it say on the film set or in a theater the remote control is completely built by hand here the buttons are attached to the back of a printed circuit board also known as a PCB wires from the XLR connector are soldered onto the PCB and then screwed down the completed front of the remote is then fitted to the back of the box before it is visually inspected and tested all our wiring looms are all produced here as well so that's another part of the process we then move on to the kitten stage so essentially all the parts come together they're put into a kit ready for the builders on Main assembly the product is then sent up as a kit 2 main assembly where the final assembly process takes place which is probably the most involved process within the whole part of the assembly the main production area each worker receives a hand-picked kit box that contains all the necessary Parts Metalworks and sub-assemblies that we've seen be made from the detailed work instructions it can take up to an hour to build a full unit the heat exchanger is fitted into its new metal housing and connected to the PCB that operates the machine more housing is built around the components and now the fluid container is installed and fitted into place foreign water-based fluids with two food grade chemicals that allow you to get that kind of white foggy effect that's what they're there for they're also there to allow the fog to hang around that's the other reason for the chemicals as I say they're back to it by extensive health and safety reports the remaining handles and bridging grips are attached and now the fogger is ready for testing before it is sent for packing the Foggers electronics and temperatures are checked and Pat tested before a full visual inspection and demonstration of the fog itself the fog is fired into suction tubes that disperse the fog so it doesn't fill the room there's all sorts of uses really um some things that people might not be aware of is security smoke so that's quite a big industry these days they're mainly used in Banks so someone tries to break into a bank that's off the security smoke machine which will fill the bank in roughly 10 seconds meaning that what you can't see you can't steal essentially wind tunnel testing for say cars that's one industry where you find they're used and theme parks is a big one as well they're used all over the place in all kinds of applications that we we never expected sometimes so there we have it a unique device that entertains the masses and saves countless lives for all of that the fog machine is a wicked invention so there you have it a dash through the hidden history super science and amazing manufacture of products that you use every day but have never realized they're amazing background submarines the internet and fog machines or Wicked inventions [Music] thank you [Music] here [Music]
2024-01-06 16:13
